ASA LLC Primary and Secondary Groups Discussion

In five to seven sentences, describe primary groups in your life and explain how they compare with the secondary groups in your life. Attached powerpoints
Chapter 6
Understand your
Motivations
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Learning Objectives
1.Examine the importance of motivation
2.Discuss human motivation theories
3.Explain the progression of job withdrawal
4.Identify strategies companies apply to increase
motivation
1-1
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Learning Objective
1.Examine the importance of motivation
1-2
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Motivation
If people understand their own motivations,
they can better choose a career path that will
make them happy.
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Learning Objective
2. Discuss human motivation theories
1-4
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Theories on Human Motivation
• Hawthorne studies
– Between 1927 and 1932
– Initially set to research how break periods,
lighting, and other factors affected
motivation
– Researchers found motivation was up, simply
from workers being “watched”
1-5
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Theories on Human Motivation
The conclusion drawn from the Hawthorne
studies was that worker output increased
because employees received attention and
felt valued.
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Theories on Human Motivation
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
– Physiological needs
– Safety needs
– Social needs
– Esteem needs
– Self-actualization
1-7
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Theories on Human Motivation
Maslow’s theory of human motivation states that
there is a hierarchy of five needs, and as one level of
need is satisfied, it will no longer be a motivator.
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Theories on Human Motivation
Under Maslow’s theory of human motivation, people
start at the bottom of the hierarchy of needs and
work their way up.
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Theories on Human Motivation
According to Maslow’s theory of motivation,
physiological needs represent the most basic needs
of an individual.
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Theories on Human Motivation
According to Maslow’s theory of motivation,
self-actualization needs represent an
individual’s need to improve himself or
herself.
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Theories on Human Motivation
• Herzberg Two-factor theory
– Motivation factors
– Hygiene factors
1-12
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Theories on Human Motivation
Motivators are terms used by Herzberg to
describe factors that satisfy employees.
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Theories on Human Motivation
Hygiene factors cause demotivation if absent.
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Theories on Human Motivation
The motivation-hygiene theory implies fair pay is
expected, but it is not a motivator.
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Theories on Human Motivation
Responsibility is an example of a motivat
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Theories on Human Motivation
• McGregor
– Theory X
– Theory Y
1-17
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Theories on Human Motivation
Theory X managers have an authoritarian
management style.
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Theories on Human Motivation
A Theory Y manager would allow employees to use
self-direction.
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Theories on Human Motivation
• Carrot and Stick
• Why does motivation matter?
1-20
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Theories on Human Motivation
The carrot approach fails when the goals are
unrealistic.
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Theories on Human Motivation
The stick approach utilizes punitive actions
to maximize employee performance.
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Theories on Human Motivation
A manager gives his employees an ultimatum
that they need to increase sales in the coming
quarter by 20% or leave the company. This is
an example of the stick approach.
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Learning Objective
3. Explain the progression of job withdrawal
1-24
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Theories on Job Dissatisfaction
• Progression of job withdrawal
– Psychological withdrawal
1-25
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Theories on Job Dissatisfaction
The progression of job withdrawal theory
states that people develop a set of behaviors
in order to avoid their work situation.
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Theories on Job Dissatisfaction
According to the progression of job
withdrawal theory, if an employee is unable to
leave the job situation, he or she will
experience psychological withdrawal.
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Learning Objective
4. Identify strategies companies apply to increase
motivation
1-28
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Strategies Used to Increase Motivation
•
•
•
•
Salaries and benefits
Training and development
Performance appraisals
Flextime, telecommuting, and sabbaticals
1-29
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Strategies Used to Increase Motivation
•
•
•
•
Management training
Fairness
Job enlargement and job empowerment
Pay for performance
1-30
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Strategies Used to Increase Motivation
Employee empowerment is characterized by
providing employees with information to reduce
dependence on managers.
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Strategies Used to Increase Motivation
Adding new challenges or responsibilities to a
current job is called job enlargement.
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END
PPT 6
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Chapter 7
Work Effectively in
Groups
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Learning Objectives
1.Explain the meaning of a group
2.Differentiate between primary groups and
secondary groups
3.Discuss the stages of Tuckman’s linear model
of group development
4.Describe different types of group members
1-1
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Learning Objective
1.Explain the meaning of a group
1-2
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What is a Group?
Group:
• Three or more individuals who affiliate,
interact, or cooperate in a familial, social, or
work context
1-3
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What is a Group?
Microgroup:
• A small, independent group that has a link,
affiliation, or association with a larger group
1-4
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What is a Group?
Group communication is defined as the
exchange of information with those who are
alike culturally, linguistically, and/or
geographically.
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What is a Group?
Group norms:
• Customs, standards, and behavioral
expectations that emerge as a group forms
1-6
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Learning Objective
2. Differentiate between primary groups and
secondary groups
1-7
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What is a Group?
Primary groups meet some, but not all, of
one’s needs.
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Primary and Secondary Groups
• Primary groups: Groups that meet most, if not
all, of one’s needs
• Secondary groups: Groups that meet some, but
not all, of individuals’ needs
1-9
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Primary and Secondary Groups
There are fundamentally two types of groups that can be observed in
many contexts, from church to school, family to work. These two types
are primary and secondary groups. The hierarchy denotes the degree
to which the group(s) meet your interpersonal needs.
Primary groups meet most, if not all, of one’s needs. Groups that meet
some, but not all, needs are called secondary groups. Secondary
groups often include work groups, where the goal is to complete a task
or solve a problem. Secondary groups may meet your need for
professional acceptance and celebrate your success, but they may not
meet your need for understanding and sharing on a personal level.
Family members may understand you in ways that your coworkers
cannot, and vice versa.
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Primary and Secondary Groups
A sales team may be classified as a
secondary group.
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Learning Objective
3. Discuss the stages of Tuckman’s linear model of
group development
1-12
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Model of Group Development
1-13
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Model of Group Development
The norming stage is marked by less division
and more collaboration.
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Model of Group Development
Group socialization involves how the group
members interact with one another and form
relationships.
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Model of Group Development
Group members who are new to each other and can’t
predict each other’s behavior can be expected to
experience the stress of uncertainty in the forming
stage of group development.
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Model of Group Development
Since the possibility of overlapping and
competing viewpoints and perspectives
exists, a group will experience a storming
stage.
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Model of Group Development
Who speaks first? Who takes notes? Who is
creative, who is visual, and who is detailoriented? These aspects are identified during
the norming stage of group development.
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Model of Group Development
The performing stage is where the
productivity occurs.
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Learning Objective
4. Describe different types of group members
1-20
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Group Members
1-21
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Group Member Roles
1-22
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Group Member Roles
1-23
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Group Member Roles
The role of an initiator-coordinator involves
suggesting new ideas or new ways of looking
at the problem.
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Group Member Roles
A blocker obstructs the group’s attempts at
consensus consistently.
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Group Member Roles
A special-interest pleader relates discussions
to a personal agenda.
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END
PPT 7
1-27
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