SMC Descartes Locke Hume Rosseau& Wollstonecraft Comparison Discussion

attached is the assignment where you need to compare and contrast the following philosophers in three separate paragraphs, also each paragraph must be 15 sentences long, please make this very lengthy, please use accurate information and advanced vocabulary. Thank you.

Begin creating your next-in Basket (one paragrph similarities and one paragraph differences for
each pairing).
– Descartes and Locke
– Locke and Hume
– Rousseau and Wollstonecraft
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René Descartes
1596-1650 B.C.E.
Descartes is the archetypal
modern rationalist. Rationalism-
An epistemological position in
which reason is said to be the
primary source of all knowledge,
superior to sense evidence.
Rationalists argue that only reason
can distinguish reality from illusion
and give meaning to experience.
Authored Meditations on First
Philosophy
600 B.C.E.
2,000 C.E.
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Proper Source of Knowledge:
• Two types of knowledge:
– a priori knowledge-Truths that are
innate and not derived from observation
or experiment, characterized as being
certain, deductive, universally true and
independent of all experience. “All
triangles contain 180°.”
– a posteriori knowledge-empirical
knowledge derived from sense
experience and not regarded as universal
because the conditions under which it is
acquired change, perceivers vary, and
factual relationships change.
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• Descartes employed the method of
Methodic Doubt-Cartesian strategy of
deliberately doubting everything it is
possible to doubt in the leas degree so
that what remains will be known with
absolute certainty. A serious challenge
to Scholasticism.
• Standard of Truth
– How does Descartes know when
one has obtained the truth?
– When there is no reason the truth
can be doubted. The truth must be
“clear” and “distinct”.
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Proper Source of Knowledge:
• Two types of knowledge:
– a priori knowledge-Truths that are
innate and not derived from observation
or experiment, characterized as being
certain, deductive, universally true and
independent of all experience. “All
triangles contain 180°.”
– a posteriori knowledge-empirical
knowledge derived from sense
experience and not regarded as universal
because the conditions under which it is
acquired change, perceivers vary, and
factual relationships change.
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Examples of Cartesian Inquiry in
search of truth (Methodic Doubt):
– Dreaming: Argues that there
are times in which he dreams
believing that it is real because the
dream is clear and distinct. How
do we know that what we
perceive as reality is not a dream?
– Evil Genius: An evil Genius
has constructed everything
around us from the tangible to
even priori knowledge. Maybe we
don’t even really exist.
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• For Descartes the next important issue is
to prove that God exists as the foundation
for priori knowledge and the use of reason.
– The idea of God is a perfect idea
(infinite perfection)
– Humans are imperfect beings and can
only develop imperfect ideas through
human experience.
– The idea of a perfect being must have
come from somewhere.
– A perfect entity (God) put the idea of
perfection in us.
– We can trust this priori knowledge
and use of reason because God is
perfect and would not deceive us.
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Proper Conduct:
• Descartes was concerned about the
amoral view of the universe associated
with the rise of a new science.
•Descartes subscribed to dualism-any
philosophical position that divides
existence into two completely distinct
independent, unique substances.
• Cartesian Dualism
Human beings consist of both:
– Mind (Soul) that follows laws of
eason.
– Body (corporeal substance) that
ollow the laws of physics similar to a
nachine.
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