The Application of Cognitive Dissonance Theory Multiple Choice Questions

I need this help at 4pm Eastern. I will take this practice assignment that goes question by question I will post a picture in the google doc of the question or the chat whatever you prefer and you give me an answer. It is 100 easy multiple choice3 questions and 2 short response questions. You need to know Psychology well, please.

1
Marc has been on a diet and is constantly complaining about a lack of willpower. He says
that willpower does not exist, because if it did, he would be able to restrain himself from
eating when he is hungry, but he does not seem to have that ability. Marc’s argument against
willpower is best represented by the concept of
homeostasis
B
incentives
intrinsic motivation
achievement motivation
cognitive dissonance
Question 1 of 100
2
Which of the following scenarios describes an application of cognitive dissonance theory?
A
Jenny develops a schema for managing a difficult social situation.
Zachery chooses the reinforcer that is most effective for his own learning.
Dylan dislikes his sister’s boyfriend, which makes him uncomfortable when he
sees how happy she is, so he adjusts his feelings.
D
Hector yells angrily at the cars in front of him because he believes they are all
being driven by bad drivers.
Kylee considers every possible solution to a problem before choosing the right
one.
Question 2 of 100
Which of the following scenarios is in line with findings from research on stress and health
outcomes?
Sam is more likely to get a cold during final exams week.
Florastina heals more slowly when she is on vacation.
с
David is more likely to feel stressed when he spends time with close friends than
when he is alone.
D
Ben is unlikely to experience stress when he has significant life changes.
Tiera is unlikely to see an upcoming exam as threatening.
4
Which of the following is a biologically based concept related to motivation?
A Social influence
External stimulus
© Stimulus generalization
Cognitive appraisal
Set point
5
Anthony persistently feels that people are out to get him, sees things that others do not see,
and does not make sense when he talks. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5TM), Anthony is most likely also experiencing
panic attacks
B
compulsive behaviors
©
disorganized thinking
extreme sadness followed by extreme elation
night terrors
Dies
inn
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6
Hosea has a number of physical symptoms that are very distressing to him and cause a
disruption in his daily life. He has ongoing thoughts that are out of proportion with the
seriousness of the symptoms. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5″), Hosea is most likely also experiencing which of the
following?
Feeling inadequate or insecure about his symptoms
Refusing to see a medical doctor about his symptoms
Having these symptoms from early childhood
Spending excessive time and energy on the health concerns
©
Being inconsistent about the reporting of his symptoms
Question 6 of 100
1:26:26
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7.
David has a pervasive tendency to exaggerate his sense of self-importance, inflates his
achievements and talents, and expects to be recognized as superior even without
achievements that warrant it. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5TM), David is most likely also experiencing which of the
following?
Having significant interpersonal problems and easily feeling slighted
B
Having chronic feelings of emptiness
Trying frantically to avoid abandonment
D
Having a difficult time making everyday decisions
E
Having large amounts of anxiety
8
Justin decided to go see a therapist because he is not getting along with his girlfriend. If Carl
Rogers was his therapist, he would most likely do which of the following?
Look at what cultural values may be contributing to Justin’s interactions with his
girlfriend
Set up a reward system where Justin gets to treat himself to something he likes
every time he resolves a conflict with his girlfriend.
Identify what unresolved conflict from his childhood may be creating the
problems in Justin’s relationship with his girlfriend.
Help Justin replace his irrational thoughts about his girlfriend with more
realistic thoughts.
Listen empathetically to Justin and reflect back whal Justin was saying.
Question 8 of 100
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9
Which of the following is a good example of an illusory correlation?
А
Dan often gets upset with weather forecasters when the weather is bad.
B
Marla thinks she does better on her exams when she wears her favorite shirt.
Kevin says he likes ice cream more than chocolate pie.
D
Lee notices that puppies get adopted more often than fully grown dogs.
E
Melody remembers that too much screen time leads to eyestrain.
1:20:38
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10
When learning a song in a foreign language, it is easier to remember the words if the learner
focuses on the meaning of the words, as opposed to just trying to learn the sounds of the
words. This is an example of
parallel processing
shallow processing
deep processing
dual coding
metacognition
11
Which of the following illustrates Hermann Ebbinghaus’ perspective as applied to studying
for a test?
Jenna crammed the night before the exam.
Tony used mnemonics to remember the material he was studying.
Andre used eidetie memory to remember every detail.
Devon continued to review the material throughout the semester.
Yesenia relied on procedural memory.
12
Martin works at a restaurant as a waiter. A few weeks ago, he served a group of
businesspeople who came in wearing suits and carrying briefcases. The group was very
demanding, asking for refills and special orders, and treated him very rudely. Since then,
any time a group of people wearing suits and carrying briefcases comes in, he asks another
waiter to serve them because he assumes they will be demanding and rude. Martin’s
judgment is an example of
the conjunction fallacy
B
the representativeness heuristic
an insight problem
D
the overjustification effect
© ingroup bias
awas
Question 12 of 100
13
When people view a photograph of an object taken so close to the object that they can see
only part of it, they often are not able to recognize the object. Which of the following would
people have to rely on to help them interpret what they are seeing?
A
Proprioception
B
Binocular cues
C
Monocular cues
D
Perceptual constancy
Bottom-up processing
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14
Garth often completes his mathematics homework in the noisy cafeteria. One day he is so
engrossed in figuring out a problem that he does not notice a food fight occurring near him.
This best illustrates
perceptual set
selective attention
sensory adaptation
a difference threshold
opponent-process theory
—
—
15
Which of the following would most likely happen if the retina covered a smaller proportion
of the backs of the eyes?
Objects would appear smaller.
B
Color vision would be enhanced.
Motion detection would be impaired.
D
Information would be received from a smaller segment of the world.
Distinguishing the difference between an object and its background would be
more difficult.
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16
Baby Julia begins crying while her mother Giselle is in another room talking with a friend.
What would signal-detection theory predict about Giselle and her friend hearing Julia’s
crying?
A
Giselle would be more likely to hear the crying because her recent pregnancy
increased her hearing sensitivity.
B
Giselle would be less likely to hear the crying because she is desensitized to it.
Giselle would be more likely to hear the crying because she is more motivated to
hear it.
Giselle and her friend would be equally likely to hear the crying because the
amplitude of the sound waves would be the same for both sets of ears.
Giselle’s friend would be more likely to hear the crying because she has not
habituated to it.
as
Question 16 of 100
17
For her birthday, Kaylah’s friends decide to play a practical joke on her. They bake her a
cake, and while it looked like a normal chocolate cake, the friends actually baked it with
coffee grounds and no sugar. While Kaylah normally likes the taste of coffee, when she bit
into the chocolate cake, she was disgusted by the unsweet taste of the coffee. The fact that
she found a flavor she normally likes disgusting because she was expecting something sweet
and chocolate flavored is an example of what concept?
Top-down processing
B
Bottom-up processing
The anchoring effect
Synesthesia
Sensory adaptation
Question 17 of 100
18
While on the subway, Chris notices his hearing suddenly changes and he feels like there is
something pressing against the inside of his ears. When he swallows, the feeling goes away
and his hearing returns to normal. Which part of the ear is most likely causing Chris’s
experience?
Tympanic membrane
B
Pinna
Auditory nerve
Ossicles
Cochlea
Question 18 of 100
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19
When Janine looks at a stoplight, she needs to pay attention to the position of the light that is
on. She needs to remember that the top light is the red “stop” light and the bottom light is the
green “go” light because she cannot tell the difference otherwise. Which would most likely
explain Janine’s situation?
A Synesthesia
Red-green color blindness
Damage to her rods
Inattentional blindness
Total color blindness
Sharif was helping his friend move and was carrying a box out the door when his friend
said, “Wait a minute. I have a few more boxes.” Sharif’s friend began placing boxes of
different weights on top of the one Sharif was already carrying. He did not notice when his
friend put the first two boxes on, but when his friend placed the third one on top, Sharif
could feel it. The fact that Sharif could feel the weight of the third box is best explained by
which concept?
Difference threshold
B
Absolute threshold
Sensory adaptation
Perceptual acuity
© Signal detection
Question 20 of 100
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21
HE
Which of the following would be an appropriate independent variable in an experiment on
storage decay?
The age of the participants studied
The amount of time since the information was encoded
The position of the information within a sequence
The amount of information recalled
The number of participants in each group in the experiment
22
Dr. Kendi wants to conduct an experiment on the effect of exercise on crystallized
intelligence. Which would be an appropriate dependent variable for the study?
A
Running for 30 minutes daily for a week
B
Putting blocks together to match a shape on a piece of paper
C
Swimming laps at a local pool five times in a month
Answering questions about the past
E
Marking all the squares on a page as quickly as possible
23
Which of the following studies is most likely to be conducted by a psychologist interested in
studying encoding?
Participants complete a series of difficult math problems either in front of a
group or alone to see whether the situation affects performance.
B
Participants write down a list of words five times, then are tested on how many
words they can remember a week later to see whether this strategy is effective.
C
Participants complete a personality inventory and report their GPA to see
whether the two are associated.
Participants are unknowingly observed in a classroom to see whether those in
the front row are more attentive in class than those in the back row.
E
A single participant is surveyed about her stress levels regarding her grades each
month throughout her high school years.
Question 23 of 100
24
Dr. Diaz conducted a study in which participants were exposed to pictures of nature scenes
or scenes of buildings in a city. Dr. Diaz then showed all participants a series of inkblots and
found that those who saw the nature scenes were more likely to report seeing nature-related
images in the inkblots than those who saw city images. Dr. Diaz’s findings support which
concept?
Crystallized intelligence
Stereotype threat
©
Metacognition
Priming
Prospective memory
Question 24 of 100
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25
Which of the following is true about operant conditioning?
Less preferred activities can be used to increase the probability of more
preferred activities.
B
Less available activities may become more available over time.
Different responses can be reinforcing for different individuals.
External rewards often increase internal motivation.
Punishment is more effective than reinforcement for changing behavior.
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26
Which approach will likely maintain the most persistent behavior?
Andrew’s mother praises him every time he says “please.”
Ethan’s father congratulates him occasionally for his good grades.
Anthony’s parents berate his artistic accomplishments.
D
Emily’s parents ground her whenever she is late for school.
Michael’s teacher places a star on his chart whenever he returns promptly from
recess.
27
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A А
Pairing an attractive model with potato chips to sell more chips
B
Observing an infant who explores a simple new toy
Testing a knee-jerk reflex during a physical examination
Telling a child she can have dessert if she eats her vegetables
Providing a pleasing sound to a pigeon as a consequence of pressing a lever
28
When Nishant arrives late to class, his teacher gives him extra attention. As a result, Nishant
stops arriving late to class. This is an example of
A
extinction
B
positive punishment
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
vicarious conditioning
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29
A researcher wants to conduct a replication based on Stanley Milgram’s famous experiment
on compliance. Which of the following replications is most likely to result in a different level
of compliance than what Milgram originally found?
The researcher changes the number of options on the shock dial to 1,000.
B
The researcher changes the gender of the learner to female.
The researcher changes the researcher in the room to an undergraduate student
at a university
The researcher changes the learner’s task to a visual memory task.
The researcher allows only males to participate.
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30
In a famous experiment on conformity, which of the following best predicted how likely a
participant was to conform?
~
The age of the participants
в
The degree of agreement among participants who were working with the
experimenter
(C)
The length of the lines presented
The number of lines presented
©
The level of authority of the person asking the question
Dawas
Question 30 of 100
Na
31
Which of the following is the most accurate implication from Stanley Milgram’s studies of
obedience?
People are more inclined toward antisocial behavior than toward prosocial
behavior.
People typically resist the instructions of an authority figure.
People adopt the roles assigned to them and behave in ways consistent with
those roles.
People have the capacity to inflict pain on others when told they are not
responsible for it.
People will give objectively incorrect answers to questions in order not to stand
out.
Question 31 of 100
34:37
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32
Robin is participating in a study where she is asked to write an essay in support of a tuition
increase at her college, when in fact she is against such an increase. The researchers are
most likely exploring which social psychological concept in this study?
The fundamental attribution error
B
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Cognitive dissonance
Conformily
Social facilitation
Question 32 nf inn
33
Esther was in a terrible car accident. Since that time she has experienced persistent fear,
nightmares, and flashbacks. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM – 5TM), Esther is most likely also experiencing which of the
following?
A
Lack of appetite
Thoughts that others are out to get her
Compulsions
Avoidance of driving a car
@
Hyperactivity
34
Juan thinks people on the television are talking to him personally, he cannot think clearly,
and he is very agitated. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM – 5TM), Juan is most likely also experiencing which of the
following?
A
Anxiety
B
Depression
Flashbacks
D
Hallucinations
Repetitive behaviors
35
Edna was experiencing depression, so she went to a therapist for help. The therapist
suggested that Edna might benefit from considering problems as opportunities for growth.
This suggestion indicates that the therapist is likely to be a follower of whose theory?
Sigmund Freud’s
Aaron Beck’s
Carl Jung’s
D
Karen Horney’s
B. F. Skinner’s
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36
Karoline has been so down lately that she cannot get out of bed to take care of her children.
But one morning, she gets out of bed, and then she does not sleep for three days, during
which time she keeps the whole family awake while she cleans and paints the house.
Karoline’s behaviors are most similar to the symptoms of which disorder?
A
Dissociative identity disorder
B
Panic disorder
Personality disorder
Brief psychotic disorder
Bipolar disorder
25:39
37
In the 1950s, researchers studied a religious group whose members believed the world was
about to end. When life did not end on the expected day, members of the group adjusted
their beliefs to justify their continued membership in the religious group. Which of the
following concepts does the best job of explaining the scenario?
Peripheral route to persuasion
Groupthink
Group polarization
Cognitive dissonance
Normative social influence
Question 37 of 100
23:34
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38
Which of the following psychological phenomena is LEAST affected by changes in group
size?
Conformity
B
Cognitive dissonance
Social loafing
Social facilitation
Deindividuation
Question 38 of 100
39
Emilia was recently hired into a management position at a large company and agreed to a
salary that she thought was well paying. When she learned that she was making
substantially less than her peers who were hired around the same time, Emilia began to feel
undervalued and unappreciated. Which theory is best illustrated by this example?
Attribution theory
B
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Drive theory
Social comparison theory
E
Attraction theory
|
40
Jaycee saw a new scent of air freshener on sale, so she bought six for her apartment. Her
roommate Diya said she did not have a preference regarding the smell of the new air
freshener. When it was time to buy new air fresheners, Jaycee asked Diya what scent of air
freshener she preferred, and Diya surprised Jaycee by saying that she liked the one that they
had been using, since she had grown to like it. Which concept was the cause of Diya’s change
of attitude?
Social comparison
Altruism
Mere-exposure effect
Reciprocity norm
©
Bystander effect
Question 40 of 100
17:45
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41
Jennifer cannot remember the names of the vice presidential candidates from the last
election. Instead, all she can think of are the names of the current candidates. This
phenomenon is most likely due to
A
the mere-exposure effect
proactive interference
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
E
source misattribution
vas
Question 41 of 100
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42
When Leon was two years of age, he started saying things such as “hot peas,” “more milk,”
and “throw cookie.” Leon’s statements are examples of
fast mapping
B
latent learning
phonemic awareness
D
dual coding
telegraphic speech
43
Research was conducted in which rats were either raised in enriched environments that
contained many objects with which they can play or raised in impoverished environments.
The researchers found that the rats raised in the enriched environments developed more
elaborate neural connections in their brains than rats raised in impoverished environments
did. This research most likely studied which of the following?
The degree to which brain development is affected by exposure to teratogens
The degree to which the brain can change based on environmental influences
The degree to which brain development is affected by repeated experiences of
proactive interference
The degree to which heritability affects brain development
The effect of the use of monocular depth cues rather than binocular depth cues
on brain development
Question 43 of 100
14:05
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44
Which of the following is most likely to be a culturally fair test?
Respondents have to think of unusual uses for ten household objects.
B
Respondents have to solve a series of math word problems.
€
Respondents have to fit together a set of flat polygons.
Respondents have to solve several written logic problems.
Respondents have to provide synonyms for various vocabulary words.
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45
40
What is the mode of the data depicted in the graph?
30
Number of
Test Takers
20
A
3
.11
B
2 and 4
10
0
1
2 3 4 5
5
Score on AP Exam
30
50
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Question 45 of 100
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10
46
9
8
7-
6
in Life 5
4
3
Dr. Lydian asked college students to report how many creative activities they
do in a week and to indicate how meaningful they find their lives on a scale
from 1 (Not at All Meaningful) to 10 (Extremely Meaningful). Her results are
depicted in the graph. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
2
.
A
Dr. Lydian can predict fairly well how meaningful someone thinks
their life is from the number of creative activities they do.
1
0+
0
14
2 4. 6 8
10 12
Number of Creative Activities
B
Dr. Lydian can say that doing more creative activities causes
someone to feel they have a more meaningful life.
Dr. Lydian cannot make any predictions based on her research
because it is a correlational study.
D
Dr. Lydian has demonstrated that there is a weak negative relation
between the two variables she studied.
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Question 46 of 100
as
AP Psychology
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.
E
Timed
47
Not Timed
Number of
Clues Solved
The data presented in the graph were most likely gathered by what type of
psychologist?
A Cognitive
B
Behavioral
Easy
Difficult
Difficulty of Crossword Puzzle
Clinical
Developmental
E
Counseling
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Question 47 of 100
Next
nue
An
50
Researchers randomly assigned nursing home residents to one of two groups. Residents in
the first group were encouraged to take responsibility for planning their days and
organizing their surroundings. Residents in the second group were told that the staff of the
nursing home was responsible for their care. Later, residents in the first group were rated
by nurses as being happier and more active than those in the second group. Which of the
following interpretations of the results is most accurate?
A
Personal control of one’s environment causes higher levels of happiness.
B
Personal control of one’s environment causes lower levels of happiness.
C
Personal control of one’s environment is unrelated to levels of happiness.
Being happier and more active causes the residents to take more responsibility
for their environment.
E
Having a positive environment causes higher levels of happiness.
Question 50 of 100
1:14:47
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1
Isaiah began working his first job as an intern. His supervisor has an idea for a
new phone app that claims to make people calm when they are stressed. The
supervisor asks Isaiah to get more people to download the new phone app.
Isaiah spends many hours getting ready to work with customers who will come
into the store.
Respond to all parts of the question.
Your response will be s
B 1 UX2 X 5 C
Ω και Ε
Part A
Explain how Isaiah could use each of the following to convince people to
download the new phone app.
• Observational learning
• Central route to persuasion
• Human factors
Part B
Some people have rated the phone app positively on social media, especially
those who have been experiencing high levels of anxiety.
Explain how the following could be reasons why some people rate the phone
app positively.
High level of the Big Five trait of openness
Inrentive thanrı
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into the store.
2.
Part A
Explain how Isaiah could use each of the following to convince people to
download the new phone app.
• Observational learning
1
• Central route to persuasion
Respond to all parts of the question.
• Human factors
Your response
Part B
В І
U X2 X2
X 5 C12 X
Some people have rated the phone app positively on social media, especially
those who have been experiencing high levels of anxiety.
Explain how the following could be reasons why some people rate the phone
app positively
• High level of the Big Five trait of openness
• Incentive theory
Part C
Explain how the phone app might use each of the following to reduce levels of
anxiety in users.
Cognitive restructuring
• Biofeedback
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2
Respond to all parts of the question.
Your
Professor Blair hypothesizes that if students use a mnemonic device, they will
remember more vocabulary words than students who do not use a mnemonic
device. She teaches two classes during the day. As students enter each class, she
gives each student a card that has either instructions for how to use a specific
mnemonic device or a card that says, “Study for this test the way that
you
would typically study.” She shuffles each deck of cards before each class. She
instructs students to follow the directions on their card as they study for their
next vocabulary test. She also instructs them not to share their card’s
instructions with each other. She compares how many vocabulary words they
remembered on this test with the number of vocabulary words they
remembered from their previous test when no instructions were given. The
data from her study are depicted in the graph.
B
1
U X2 X2
X 5 C
14
12
10
Number of
8
Words
Remembered
6
4
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Directions
14
97
12
2
10
Number of
8
Words
6
Remembered
4
Respond to all parts of the question.
Your response will be sa
2
В І
U X2
x X2
5 C 12 %
MIC
0
Mnemonic
Typical
Group Studying Group
Groups
Words remembered on previous test
Words remembered on current test
Part A
• Identify the independent variable in this study.
• Explain how the data support or do not support Professor Blair’s
hypothesis.
Explain why Professor Blair cannot generalize her findings to all
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Groups
Words remembered on previous test
Words remembered on current test
2
Respond to all parts of the question.
Part A
• Identify the independent variable in this study.
Your response will be saved
• Explain how the data support or do not support Professor Blair’s
hypothesis.
B
I
U
x2 X 5
ο Ω 12 do
6
• Explain why Professor Blair cannot generalize her findings to all
students.
Explain why this study is not a naturalistic observation.
Part B
Explain how each of the following might help a student who is trying to
remember a list of vocabulary words.
• Elaborative rehearsal
Fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement
• Internal locus of control
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